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Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
21 Results
The R&S®EB500 offers level measurement of signals with 20 MHz bandwidth.
09-Oct-2012
The R&S CMW500/270 can generate and measure standard-compliant WLAN IEEE 802.11ac signals with bandwidths from 20 MHz up to 160 MHz.This document explains the CMW solution for the signals with 160 MHz bandwidth and describes the required configurations step by step.
21-Oct-2013 | AN-No. 1CM101
A new phase noise test instrument covers the frequency range from 1 MHz to 50 GHz with direct down-conversion analog I/Q mixers and baseband signal sampling. The traditional PLL has been replaced by a digital FM demodulator for phase detection and frequency tracking. An additional AM demodulator enables concurrent measurement of phase and amplitude noise. The instrument can measure phase noise as low as -183 dBc/Hz with a 100 MHz carrier frequency and 10 kHz offset within two minutes.
09-May-2016
For conducted immunity tests, EMC labs require a test signal source driven at high RF powers and at defined frequencies. Rohde&Schwarz offers a compact solution with a signal generator, an RF solid-state amplifier with power up to 350 W, power sensors and test software for the frequency range from 4 kHz to 400 MHz.
03-Dec-2021
The verification of emissions according to EN or FCC standards is mandatory to avoid any interference with existing users. Besides the common emission tests with measurement bandwidth up to 1 MHz and mean power measurements, most regulations also require to test peak transmission power within a 50 MHz bandwidth to avoid interference with any existing wideband applications, for example radar receivers. This application note provides information how to perform spectral emission measurements on UWB signals with spectrum analyzers using wide bandwidth RBW filters, and explains the capabilities and the limiting factors of the Rohde & Schwarz FSW signal and spectrum analyzer to perform this measurement. The next sections will give further details.
28-Jun-2021 | AN-No. 1EF109
The need for higher data rates and flexibility for IP and Cable TV (CATV) has led to the introduction of DOCSIS®3.1. With channel bandwidths up to 192 MHz and 96 MHz on the downstream and upstream respectively as well as the cable network frequency extension up to 1.2 GHz (1.8 GHz as a future extension) the technical requirements of cable components have increased significantly. This application note describes a test scenario tor testing cable components with an R&S®CLGD Cable Load Generator for DOCSIS 3.1 or R&S®SFD DOCSIS 3.1 Generator and an R&S®FSW Signal & Spectrum Analyzer.
24-Jan-2017 | AN-No. 1MA285
Rohde & Schwarz signal generators can generate standard-compliant WLAN IEEE 802.11ac signals up to 160 MHz bandwidth with excellent EVM performance. This application note demonstrates the generator test solutions and explains step-by-step how to configure a test signal. Several measurements are presented to illustrate EVM performance.
26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1GP94
Offering bandwidths up to 160 MHz, the signal generators and analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz are ideal for testing IEEE 802.11ac signals
27-Jun-2013
Rohde & Schwarz test receivers of the ESXS, ESS and ESXN series are equipped with a 3.5' floppy-disk drive so that receiver settings, scan results, limit lines, transducer factors and whole sets of transducers can be stored on a floppy disk and reloaded into the receiver. Data can only be loaded into the receiver type from which they have been stored. The reason is that data eg from an ESHS30, which operates in the frequency range from 9 kHz to 30 Hz, should not be loaded into an ESVS30 as the data of the two units may be incompatible to because of the different frequency ranges alone (ESVS30: 20 MHz to 1000 MHz). However, in some cases it may be desirable to load an ESVS20 file into an ESVS30, or an ESN file into an ESVN40.
18-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EE19
The GSM mobile phone system is the first civil radio network using purely digital transmission methods. In addition to the modulation mode GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying) itself, both a time and a frequency multiplex method are used. This means for instance that the bits to be transmitted are distributed to several socalled bursts (time multiplex). These bursts are then in turn transmitted at different frequencies in the frequency hopping mode. Due to the frequency hopping mode, the timing used in GSM/PCN networks and the low phase error required for correct data transmission, stringent requirements regarding the frequency transient response are placed on the synthesizers used in the base and mobile stations. For a frequency error of <100 Hz the transient response must be within approx. 100 us to keep the residual phase error caused by the synthesizer sufficiently small. The Modulation Analyzer FMA/FMB with its high-precision AM and FM demodulators featuring DC coupling capability is particularly suitable for an uncomplicated measurement of transient responses in conjunction with an oscilloscope. Both the FMA with its low residual FM in the GSM band from 890 to 960 MHz and the FMB, which in addition also covers the PCN band from 1710 to 1880 MHz, provide in conjunction with the fast transient response of the FM demodulator the characteristics required. Highest precision regarding the transient response is provided by the FMA/FMB's special function 'IF 300 kHz'.
03-Jun-1998 | AN-No. 1EF08
This application note describes how to generate test signals for 13.56 MHz RFID modules according to ISO 15693 with R&S Signal Generators and analyze them with R&S Signal Analyzers using software R&S WinIQSIM™.
17-May-2006 | AN-No. RSI01
The aim of channel sounding is to characterize a radio channel by decomposing the radio propagation path into its individual multipath components. This application note provided by Neul describes how channel sounding can be performed using the R&S SMBV100A Vector Signal Generator and the R&S FSL Spectrum Analyzer. To illustrate the procedure reference is made to 8 MHz wide white space channels in the UK.
13-Jul-2011 | AN-No. 1MA199
With the wideband extension R&S®ESW-B1000, the R&S®ESW EMI test receiver allows never seen testing speed with up to 970 MHz of FFT bandwidth. External applications can now take advantage of the wide bandwidth. ESW firmware 3.20 adds a new method for exporting trace data from the instrument, regardless if the instrument is equipped with the wideband extension or not. SCPI commands allow live trace export of multiple traces simultaneously. This application note describes the use and applications of SCPI commands to request trace data of up to 4 traces simultaneously from the R&S®ESW receiver, even allowing CISPR detectors. The commands enable trace export while the instrument measures continuously and therefore theoretically enable infinite measurements.
25-Jul-2024 | AN-No. 1EE27
Today, digital audio signals are transmitted via standardized interfaces not only in the form of continuous data streams but also increasingly as burst audio signals. This application note shows various ways of generating and analyzing such data bursts with Audio Analyzer UPD. In the applications described, the parameters word clock, bit clock and word length can be set over wide ranges. Single-channel and dual-channel audio data with bit clocks far into the MHz range can be processed.
05-Nov-1997 | AN-No. 1GA38
Since the video signal - composite or component - is a most complex one regarding the spectral density or even the group delay in the baseband, you need special procedures to measure the signal parameters with an objective and absolute accuracy of less than one percent over the whole frequency range up to 6 MHz. The following describes a method allowing the precise measurement of a baseband signal, which then may be taken for the calibration of video analyzers such as the well-known R&S units UAF or UVF and future products.
20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM22
Adjacent Channel Power performance of power amplifiers used in digital TV systems has to be guaranteed over a wide frequency range, 54 to 890 MHz, which may lead to time consuming test procedures. The application software described here provides swept ACP analysis, using AMIQ and SMIQ for signal generation and FSP, FSU or FSE for signal analysis. ACP measurement is performed according to FCC Regulation 47CFR 73.622(h).
16-Oct-2001 | AN-No. 1MA43
This document provides some technical background and guidance on how to optimize the measurement of one of the key performance parameters of WLAN transmitters - the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM).
IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput (EHT), also known as Wi-Fi 7, is the latest amendment of the IEEE 802.11 standard and is still under development. This amendment focuses mainly on improved throughput. To do so, the most notable changes currently implemented are:► New modulation scheme: 4096-QAM (4K-QAM)► Larger bandwidth: 320 MHz► Support for 16x16 MU-MIMO► Enhanced resource allocation in OFDMAThis places special demands on the measurement equipment.
06-Sep-2022 | AN-No. 1EF114
The R&S®ESW-B8 and R&S®ESW-B8E extended bandwidth options allow the R&S®ESW EMI test receiver to measure with a resolution bandwidth of up to 80 MHz. The increasing number of wideband applications (e.g. radar sensors) and accompanying standards means there is now a greater interest in wide bandwidth measurements.This application note describes the following topics for the R&S®ESW EMI test receiver:► Characteristics and implementation of RF signal paths► Image responses and how their rejection is handled ► Ultrawideband measurement applications as required e.g. by ETSI standards► Solutions for efficiently coping with bandwidth limitations in the range above 8 GHz
19-Nov-2020 | AN-No. 1EE26
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar signals are often used in short range surveillance, altimeters and automotive radars. To ensure proper functionality, signal quality measures such as frequency linearity are of great importance.This application note focuses on fully automated, fast and accurate measurements, of linear FMCW radar signals. It explains the basic signal processing, the impact on radar key performance indicators in case of linearity deviations and explains test and measurement of linear FMCW signals in detail.Measurement of an FMCW radar signal in the 77-81 GHz band with 500 MHz of measurement bandwidth is demonstrated.
25-Apr-2014 | AN-No. 1EF88
Generation of wideband digital modulated signals in V-band and above is a challenging task and typically requires a set of multiple instruments. This application note aims at simplifying the task and looks into the analysis part as well. Latest signal and spectrum analyzers like the R&S®FSW67 and R&S®FSW85 are first to allow use in V-band up to 67 GHz and E-band up to 85 GHz respectively without external frequency conversion. Up to 8.3 GHz of modulation bandwidth can be covered using the R&S®FSW-B8001 option. Millimeter wave use of analyzers ranging from 26 GHz up is shown. Application note 1MA217 describes V-band signal generation and analysis up to 500 MHz modulation bandwidth. This application note expands modulation bandwidth up to 2 GHz and covers both V- and E-band examples.
18-Jun-2015 | AN-No. 1MA257
Modern automotive radar systems occupy very wide bandwidth in order to have a good location resolution. In most cases the bandwidth is a result of frequency modulation or fast frequency hopping techniques, in some cases also pulse modulation is used. Besides the measurement of the frequency variation over time like deviation and linearity, the verification of emissions according to EN or FCC standards is mandatory. ETSI regulations for measuring peak transmission power from radar operating at 77-81 GHz require 50 MHz resolution bandwidth for the measurements. Publications are available that describe the measurements on pulsed UWB or MB-OFDM signals in detail, for frequency-modulated signals the information is limited.This application note provides information how to perform spectral emission measurements on frequency modulated CW signals with spectrum analyzers using RBW filters with very wide bandwidth, and explains the capabilities and the limiting factors of the Rohde & Schwarz FSW signal and spectrum analyzer to perform this measurement.
28-Jun-2019 | AN-No. 1EF107