8293 Results
This application note provides practical hints to accurately characterize and de-embed these lead-in and lead-out structures with R&S Vector Network Analyzers ZNA, ZNB, ZNBT and ZND.
19-Sep-2022 | AN-No. 1SL367
The R&S ® FSWP phase noise analyzer is a highend instrument designed to accurately analyze noise performance of key components in radar and communications systems.
27-Oct-2017
Simplifying mixer measurements with the R&S ZNB
01-Oct-2013
The R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator combined with the R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer offers fast and simple power amplifier testing.
22-Feb-2015
Increasing data rates in digital designs and wireless communications require SerDes PLLs and clock synthesizers with low additive phase noise and high jitter attenuation.
01-Aug-2018
For system verification and debugging, eye diagram measurements are the most important tools for efficiently analyzing the signal integrity in any digital design
19-Feb-2019
The R&S®ZVA and the R&S®ZVA-K9 option enables absolute group delay measurements on devices with embedded LO.
17-May-2013
MIPI D-PHY is a low-power, cost-effective physical layer interface, essential in mobile devices and advanced technology systems. It's a high-speed, source-synchronous interface used in smartphone cameras, smartwatch displays, drones, in-car entertainment, automobile cameras, and radar sensors. This application note explores MIPI D-PHY's features, functionality, and testing practices for device compliance, addressing common issues. It highlights Rohde & Schwarz's equipment for ensuring compatibility and solving issues with MIPI D-PHY, aligned with MIPI D-PHY specification version 2.5.Developed by the MIPI Alliance, D-PHY connects cameras and displays to a host processor via CSI-2 or DSI protocols. It features a master-slave, asymmetrical design for reduced link complexity. Key aspects include a unidirectional clock, optional data signal directions, different data rates for half-duplex operation, point-to-point communication, and high-speed (HS) and low-power (LP) modes for data transfer and battery preservation. In HS mode, D-PHY uses differential signaling with specific impedance, while in LP mode, it operates in a single-ended manner with high impedance termination.The application note from Rohde & Schwarz provides insights into characterizing and debugging MIPI D-PHY, offering conformance verification with MIPI Alliance standards and protocol decoding options.
31-Jan-2024 | AN-No. 1SL410
A step by step HOW TO guide to perform manual and automated wireless coexistence testing
At the end of the year 2020, there were over 20 Billion internet of things (IoT) products in the world operating using the licensed and unlicensed frequency bands. This growth trend is projected to keep steady over the coming years as more and more people adopt to a smarter and more connected lifestyle. This will result in a much busier and challenging RF environment than the one we have today. In order to understand the complexity of the RF spectrum, a white paper was published in 2021 from Rohde & Schwarz, which featured RF spectrum activity at multiple locations observed at different times of the day. The locations were selected based on population densities and the amount of known RF transmitters & their frequencies at those locations. It was also concluded that the ISM bands on average have higher channel utilization since most IoT devices take advantage of the unlicensed spectrum. The paper recommended, that while performing wireless coexistence testing, the test conditions should reflect the operational RF environment that the device is intended to operate in. Otherwise, the characterization of RF performance would only reflect ideal case which doesn’t exist in real world operation. Since it is not always possible to test all devices in the real world, relevant test methodologies need to be setup to replicate the real world as much as possible.This will help us get a better understanding of how the receiver of the RF device will behave under different RF conditions. It is also recommended to perform measurements in order to understand the behavior of the device in the future when the spectrum will get even more challenging. Therefore, a through characterization of the capability of the RF receiver to handle in-band and out-of-band interference signals in also of interest.In terms of regulatory compliance requirements for ensuring wireless coexistence performance, the ANSI C63.27 is currently the only published test standard that provides guidance on how to perform coexistence testing on devices. The test complexity is based up on risk imposed on the user’s health in the event of a failure caused by an or a plurality of interference signal. The standard also gives device manufacturers guidance regarding test setups, measurement environments, interference signal types and strategy, performance quality measurement parameters for physical layer using key performance indicator (KPI) and application layer parameters for end-to-end functional wireless performance (FWP).In this application note, the guidance provided by the ANSI C63.27-2021 version regarding test setup, measurement parameter and interference signal have been followed. It will give the reader a clear idea on how to configure standardized test instruments from R&S in order to generate the wanted signal as well as unintended interference signals and conduct measurement to monitor device performance in terms of PER, ping latency and data throughput.This application note provides step-by-step instruction on how to perform measurements using conducted and radiated methodology. Both manual and automated instrument configuration approach is explained in this document.The automation scripts are written using python scripting language and are available for download with this application note, free of charge. Official required to run the scripts are available on the PYPI database.
10-Nov-2022 | AN-No. 1SL392
In this paper a rapid characterization of high speed digital channels using a multiport VNA is demonstrated.The VNA is a major tool in the field of communication and signal processing.
18-Mar-2020 | AN-No. 1EZ83_0E
The R&S®RTO6 oscilloscope has an in-depth tool for debugging custom and commercial off-the-shelf serial buses for the avionics and aerospace industries.
20-Dec-2023
In addition to the generic edge trigger, modern oscilloscopes offer triggers that are specialized to address specific problems.
04-Jan-2016
This application note provides guidance on the use of the software option, both for direct control and programming via the touchscreen, and for remote control using SCPI.
13-Jul-2020 | AN-No. GFM345
This Application Note addresses signal measurements and analysis of automotive radars that are crucial during the development and verification stages.
10-Jun-2016 | AN-No. 1MA267
Correlated time-frequency measurements help optimize gate driving and minimize electromagnetic emissions early on during development.
27-Apr-2023
You need a flexible clock source that can provide the signals needed for today’s and tomorrow’s designs with minimal jitter and noise as well as best spectral purity.
03-Aug-2017
Tests of Power Amplifiers for Single-Channel and Multi-Channel TD-SCDMA Base Stations
31-Jul-2007 | AN-No. 1MA103
It is extremely important to test the application level functional performance of home automation products in the presence of interference.
11-May-2020
Load pull is a powerful method to characterize RF power amplifiers and enablse model extraction and validation and performance, ruggedness and efficiency testing.
02-Sep-2020
The R&S®SMBV100A supports obscuration simulation and automatic multipath generation for testing GNSS receivers under realistic conditions. This application note presents examples to introduce the GNSS simulator's capabilities.
19-Apr-2018 | AN-No. 1GP101
Bluetooth Transmitter Measurements without Connection Setup
04-Feb-2003 | AN-No. 1MA49
Combining a low-noise oscilloscope with a power rail probe, developed uniquely for measuring power rails, provides a measurement system that delivers measurements that are more accurate.
09-Jul-2020
The application note guides developers and manufactures of Sigfox Devices to perform the required and recommended measurements with test solutions from Rohde & Schwarz.
15-Nov-2017 | AN-No. 1MA294
Increase the IP connection security of your IoT device
04-Apr-2017
Generating Bluetooth RF Test Signals with SMIQ Signal Generator
30-Jan-2001 | AN-No. 1MA31
Measurements on Bluetooth Devices using R&S CMU200 and CMUgo
06-Oct-2006 | AN-No. 1CM50
This application note describes the technology behind NG eCall and presents conformance tests for NG eCall using the R&S®CMW500 RF tester.
06-Jun-2019 | AN-No. GFM312
This application note will focus on phase noise measurements for pulsed RF carriers such as those used for radar systems.
18-May-2016 | AN-No. 1EF94
The measurements are straightforward and easily accomplished with off-the-shelf Rohde & Schwarz signal generators and signal and spectrum analyzers.
15-Nov-2018
The R&S®ZNA vector network analyzer with integrated LO output and direct IF input options is a simple, cost-effective solution for 2-port and 4-port measurements using Rohde & Schwarz mmWave converters.
19-Jul-2021