Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
1113 Results
Broadcasting transmitters are subject to particularly stringent standards with respect to broadcast signal quality, because even small faults can lead to service disruptions for many viewers. A single instrument, the R&S®ETL TV analyzer, performs all required ATSC transmitter measurements, from the initial acceptance testing for the transmitter, to measurements performed during commis-sioning and preventive maintenance.
13-May-2013 | AN-No. 7BM102
Are there really power peaks that are 20 dB above the average value? Yes, there are. Ever since the introduction of digital transmission technology, it has been necessary to deal with such orders of magnitude. RF power components must be suitably dimensioned to handle the expected voltage peaks and avoid breaking down. If we can determine the crest factor, i.e. the ratio of the peak value to the average or RMS value, with sufficient accuracy (even though it can only be assessed statistically), then we will have solved the question of dimensioning power components. This Application Note is intended to help with this problem by providing some useful insights including basic formulas, some statistical background and a practical look at the limiting factors when it comes to dealing with real transmitter systems.
22-Jan-2011 | AN-No. 7TS02
Rohde & Schwarz recognizes the potential risk of computer virus infection when connecting Windows®-based test instrumentation to other computers via local area networks (LANs), or using removable storage devices.This white paper introduces measures to minimize malware threats and discusses ways to mitigate risks while insuring that instrument performance is not compromised.The paper discusses the use of anti-virus software. It also outlines how to keep the Windows® 10 operating system properly updated through regular installation of OS patches.
23-Sep-2016 | AN-No. 1EF96
Remote control over a public mobile phone network with SMS or via a wireless IP connection.
22-Apr-2013
This application note provides information about spectral measurements with noise correction. The basic requirements and the limiting factors of a spectrum analyzer are explained. Dynamic range improvements by means of a noise correction is presented. Measurement examples show the improved performance of TOI measurements with noise correction.
25-Oct-2012 | AN-No. 1EF76
This application note describes how the transmitter landscape of a DVB-T2 single-frequency network (SFN) can be simulated in multiple input single output (MISO) mode in order to test the compatibility and performance of receiver modules. Neither an external T2-MI gateway nor a GPS receiver is required - just an R&S®BTC equipped with two RF paths. Alternatively, one R&S®SFU coupled with one or more R&S®SFU, R&S®SFE, R&S®SFE100 or R&S®SFC can also be used. R&S®ETL or R&S®ETC are suggested to fine-tune the synchronization between the generated RF signals.
03-Feb-2014 | AN-No. 7BM80
In this application note, a UHD 4K end-to-end solution utilizing products from Rohde & Schwarz is described in detail from the point at which 4K content is captured until its delivery to households via a DVB-T2 SFN network.
29-Aug-2014 | AN-No. 7BM90
This application note introduces the program GPIB-Bus Device Finder GPIB FIND.The GPIB-Bus Device Finder GPIB FIND helps you identify the devices connected to a GPIB (IEC or IEEE) bus. It shows the addresses of these devices and their response to the identity query (*idn?). Additionally GPIB FIND helps you to locate GPIB problems with GPIB card installation, incorrect address setting or broken cables. GPIB FIND includes an additional program to send (write) a message to a device or to receive (read) a message from the device.
28-Oct-2009 | AN-No. 1MA17
The constantly increasing number of telecommunication services and subscribers is putting more and more pressure on the availability of already scarse frequencies. Authorities responsible for monitoring and regulating the radio traffic are confronted with more and more complex problems relating to radiomonitoring and frequency management. Without exact data - a prerequisite for monitoring existing installations and planning new services - it is impossible to solve the problem. It is essential to use the proper measurement equipment. This Application Note deals with the following measurements: Measuring various signal parameters at defined frequencies. Monitoring emissions for compliance with specified limits for field strength, modulation depth/index, frequency deviation and offset.
18-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EE13
Femtocells or Home base stations are an important development for cellular networks. This application note describes the tests commonly used during the production of Femtocells, focusing on WCDMA, HSPA, and HSPA+ technology. Tests, test plans and hardware setups for Femtocells with and without receiver diversity are detailed. Find hints about the instrument settings and have a look at typical measurement results. An introduction to simulating GPS / A-GPS signals for testing the GPS receiver of a Femtocell completes the paper.
02-Feb-2012 | AN-No. 1MA139
The family of ZNB vector network analyzers (VNA) from Rohde & Schwarz are the perfect instruments for analyzing RF amplifier small signal linear and nonlinear performance. This application note presents information on how to configure and use the R&S®ZNB vector network analyzer to successfully make accurate and quick measurement of basic RF amplifier parameters.The “SMARTerCal” calibration tool is presented, combining systematic error correction with calibrated receiver power, offering enhanced measurement accuracy with minimum effort.
11-Jul-2013 | AN-No. 1EZ65
True or false: 30 dBm + 30 dBm = 60 dBm? Why does 1% work out to be -40 dB one time but then 0.1 dB or 0.05 dB the next time? These questions sometimes leave even experienced engineers scratching their heads. Decibels are found everywhere, including power levels, voltages, reflection coefficients, noise figures, field strengths and more. What is a decibel and how should we use it in our calculations? This Application Note is intended as a refresher on the subject of decibels.
21-Apr-2015 | AN-No. 1MA98
Using S-parameters instead of a fixed offset makes measurements more accurate by accounting for the interaction between the sensor and a component. This shifts the sensor's reference plane from the sensor's RF connector to the input of the device that is being applied externally. This application note explains the fundamentals of using S-parameters and discusses some common applications in which S-parameter correction is useful. It also introduces a command line tool for updating S-parameter data in custom applications or in automated test setups.
27-Jul-2012 | AN-No. 1GP70
The R&S EX-IQ-Box serves as a digital baseband interface between a device under test (DUT) and Rohde & Schwarz generators, analyzers and radio communication testers. The DigIConf software supplied with the device controls up to four R&S EX-IQ-Boxes in a test setup and can thus output IQ data for feeding into a DUT while simultaneously receiving IQ output from a DUT.To work together smoothly, the DUT, the R&S EX-IQ-Box and the R&S test instruments have to be configured properly. The purpose of Application Note 1MA168 is to introduce the right 'initial steps' required to get started successfully.
23-May-2012 | AN-No. 1MA168
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20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM19
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20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM21
This application note describes Methods of Implementation (MOI) for precise, fast, and error-free compliance testing of USB Type-C to legacy adapter assemblies supporting USB3.1 Gen1, and USB2.0. Based on 5 Gbps signaling per lane with vector network analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz.
18-Jan-2024 | AN-No. 1SL407
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20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM18
A future-proof API to enable and streamline customized and automated workflows with Rohde & Schwarz DVS software applications.
18-Nov-2014
This Application Note describes the operating principle of DME (Distance Measurement Equipment) that is used for distance measurement in aviation. It also describes various test scenarios for the maintenance of a DME transponder. These tests require an R&S®SMA100A signal generator with R&S®SMA-K26 DME modulation option, and an R&S®NRP-Z81 wideband power sensor.
26-Feb-2009 | AN-No. 1GP74
Rohde & Schwarz test receivers of the ESXS, ESS and ESXN series are equipped with a 3.5' floppy-disk drive so that receiver settings, scan results, limit lines, transducer factors and whole sets of transducers can be stored on a floppy disk and reloaded into the receiver. Data can only be loaded into the receiver type from which they have been stored. The reason is that data eg from an ESHS30, which operates in the frequency range from 9 kHz to 30 Hz, should not be loaded into an ESVS30 as the data of the two units may be incompatible to because of the different frequency ranges alone (ESVS30: 20 MHz to 1000 MHz). However, in some cases it may be desirable to load an ESVS20 file into an ESVS30, or an ESN file into an ESVN40.
18-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EE19
Determining the field strength from transmitted power is not an easy job. Various, quite complicated formulas have to be evaluated correctly. This application note explains, how to calculate electric and magnetic field strength and power flux density. A program associated to this application note helps to do the calculation and converts Watts to mW and dBm, V/m to mV/m and dBmV/m as well as A/m to mA/m and dBmA/m. Additional applications are calculation of propagation loss or antenna factors.
10-Dec-2018 | AN-No. 1MA85
This document describes how a Windows®-based R&S® T&M instrument is remotely operated by an Android™ tablet as if working on it locally. Step-by-step procedures are provided for setting up and configuring the T&M instrument and the tablet. On the tablet, a special App implements the Windows® 'Remote Desktop' functionality. T&M instrument and tablet are connected via WLAN (also called Wi-Fi network).
22-Aug-2013 | AN-No. 1MA236
DTV IP Inserter DIP1. Network for IP Insertion2. Insertion rate up to 10 Mbps3. Insertion rate higher than 10 Mbps4. Demonstration Scenario5. Demonstration Scenario End to End
30-Mar-2001 | AN-No. FTK01_0E
This application note describes remote operation or monitoring of the R&S® RTO digital oscilloscope through a standard web browser. The common cross-platform technology Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is used as a server on the instrument.
27-Jul-2010 | AN-No. 1ER01
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01-Aug-1997 | AN-No. 7BM39
Version 1.3.1 of the DVB-T2 standard ETSI 302 755 introduced the T2-Lite profile to ease the implementation of mobile TV services. This was achieved by minimizing the complexity of the required receiver and allowing side-by-side integration into existing conventional (T2-Base) DVB-T2 channels. For the purposes of testing the compatibility and performance of receiver modules, this application note describes how this type of composite T2-Base/T2-Lite RF signal can be simulated using one R&S®BTC or alternatively two instruments from the family of broadcast signal generators comprised of the R&S®SFU, R&S®SFE, R&S®SFE100 and R&S®SFC. Only one corresponding multiple profile T2-MI stream is required, either in the form of a file or via an external gateway.
03-Feb-2014 | AN-No. 7BM81
7BM37 MPEG2,DVRG,Broadcasting,DTV Transfer of Video Stream Files to and from DTV Recorder Generator DVRG Transfer of Video Stream Files to and from DTV Recorder Generator DVRG 7BM37 MPEG2,DVRG,Broadcasting,DTV Transfer of Video Stream Files to and from DTV Recorder Generator DVRG Related products
31-Jul-2003 | AN-No. 7BM37