Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
Search Application Notes & Cards
Learn how to configure Rohde & Schwarz products to fit your application. Search our database by product, technology, or application to find relevant technical documents.
105 Results
Multiple antenna systems, known as MIMO systems, form an essential part of today’s wireless communications standards. The multi-antenna technology efficiently boosts the data throughput without requiring additional bandwidth or transmit power and has thus become a key technology. Rohde & Schwarz offers compact and versatile MIMO test solutions with realtime fading including simulation of channel correlations.This application note explains how to set up Rohde & Schwarz signal generators for 2x2, 4x2 and 2x4 MIMO tests with a focus on signal routing, synchronization of the generators, and leveling. Please note that there is a successor application note available: 1GP97. It explains how to use the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator for testing higher order MIMO systems such as 3x3 and 4x4.
14-Oct-2009 | AN-No. 1GP51
This application note explains the fundamentals of the cell search and cell selection and reselection procedures required for both modes of UMTS Long Term Evolution: FDD and TDD. It describes how to generate and analyze the required signals using Rohde & Schwarz test and measurement solutions. The application note also shows how to perform interoperability tests and terminal conformance tests according to the baseline of the 3GPP specifications for protocol conformance and Radio Resource Management (RRM).
17-Sep-2009 | AN-No. 1MA150
Application Note 1MA68 has been replaced by .
10-Dec-2008 | AN-No. 1MA68
The fact that cable TV networks are generally located in densely populated areas or extend over large geographical regions makes the presence of line extenders at regular intervals a necessity. Cascading large numbers of amplifiers however calls for excellent noise, SWR and intermodulation distortion specifications for the integrated amplifiers in order to avoid quality of service dropping below minimum acceptable levels. Composite second order, composite triple beat & cross modulation are commonly used figures to specify the performance of CATV equipment. In this application note we describe how to determine these figures with the aid of R&S SMU200A or AFQ100A and SMV vector signal generators.
11-Aug-2006 | AN-No. RAC-0605-016
Existing GSM mobile communication systems have the potential to double voice capacity by adding the “Voice services over Adaptive Multi-user channels on One Slot” (VAMOS) feature as specified in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) Release 9 specifications. This application note describes the VAMOS feature from an air interface perspective in detail and specifically illustrates the VAMOS testing solution offered by Rohde & Schwarz test equipment.
17-Aug-2011 | AN-No. 1MA181
The Application Note summarises all measurements for WLAN test, according to the IEEE Standards 802.11a, b and g. For each measurement, an instrument list, test setups, test method, comments, typical results and implementation hints are included. The enclosed free of charge software provides all IEEE 488 bus sequences ready to run or copy into your own test environment.
28-Jul-2004 | AN-No. 1MA69
When measuring the performance of 802.11 wireless LAN compatible receivers, Packet Error Rate (PER) tests are the method of choice today. This application note describes a simple way to conduct PER tests using signal generators on any 802.11 device, independent of their physical layer design (11b, 11a or 11g). The application software works with standard Windows™ drivers on any card independent of manufacturer. No additional hardware specific software is needed. Easy setup of the source signal is included with direct upload to an SMIQ or AMIQ.
09-Jan-2012 | AN-No. 1GP56
This white paper provides a brief technology introduction on the 802.11ac amendment to the successful 802.11-2007 standard. 802.11ac provides mechanisms to increase throughput and user experience of existing WLAN and will build on 802.11n-2009.
23-May-2012 | AN-No. 1MA192
3GPP TS25.141 defines conformance tests for W-CDMA base stations (including HSPA+ features). This application note describes how transmitter (Tx) tests (TS25.141 Chapter 6) can be performed quickly and easily by using signal and spectrum analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz. A few tests additionally require vector signal generators from Rohde & Schwarz. Example illustrates manual operation. A free software program enables and demonstrates remote operation. The W-CDMA base station receiver (Rx) tests (TS25.141 Chapter 7) are described in Application Note 1MA114.
21-Oct-2014 | AN-No. 1MA67
This Application Note describes a software program that provides easy creation and transfer of Pulse Trains between a PC and the R&S SMB100A, R&S SMA100A and R&S SMF100A analog signal generators with the Pulse Train option; or between a PC and the ARB of R&S SMBV100A, R&S SMJ100A or R&S SMU200A vector signal generators.
10-May-2011 | AN-No. 1MA148
RF physical layer specifications (such as 3GPP TS36.104) describe a variety of requirements that the end equipment needs to meet. This application note provides insight into some of these specifications and how test & measurement equipment can simplify the task of deriving requirements for RF sub-systems.
10-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1MA221
This Application Note describes the HSDPA uplink channel structure. Challenges for UE power amplifier design are outlined, and guidelines how to use R&S measurement equipment for testing UE power amplifiers are provided. An outlook on High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) and the impact of HSUPA on the uplink channel structure is given.
11-Jul-2011 | AN-No. 1MA84
This application note describes how to use the Rohde & Schwarz software tool ‘RsBatchConvert.exe’ for the conversion of binary data or WinIQSIM generated AMIQ waveforms into the new waveform format. The tool not only rescales I/Q data contained in the file but also changes the K-option requirement from WinIQSIM Kxx to the new WinIQSIM2 K2xx options. Thus, new instruments with installed K2xx options may be used to continue using existing waveform files.
18-Jun-2009 | AN-No. 1GP64
This application note provides a guide through the measurements for IEEE 802.11ac WLAN transmitter signals using the general purpose OFDM analysis software R&S FS-K96. Step-by-step instructions for performing the measurements are provided and the different result types available with the FSK96 Software are discussed.
22-Sep-2011 | AN-No. 1EF82
This application note helps the user to configure a Rohde & Schwarz vector signal generator for LTE FDD repeater conformance testing. It explains step by step how to set up the baseband signal for the various test cases defined in the 3GPP Technical Specification 36.143.The R&S®SMx vector signal generators provide predefined, LTE-conform test models and are therefore ideal for LTE repeater conformance testing. The test cases in TS 36.143 can be set up with a single instrument which provides all necessary test signals including the four specified repeater stimulus signals.
26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1GP85
Sequencing of waveforms is a technique used to play back multiple test signals fast and flexibly using an arbitrary waveform generator (ARB). Multiple ARB waveforms can be combined to generate all kinds of test signals sequences. Switching from one waveform to the subsequent waveform in the sequence is instantaneous, which enables high-speed operation for production testing. This application note explains how to generate such signal sequences using vector signal generators from Rohde & Schwarz. The examples provided show the required instrument settings and possible fields of application for waveform sequencing.
29-Feb-2012 | AN-No. 1GP53
More and more mobile radio networks implement remote radio equipment (RE) that is connected to the base station main unit via a digital interface using standardized transmission protocols such as CPRI. For testing RE devices Rohde & Schwarz offers a complete test solution based on the R&S®EX-IQ-BOX [Model K04]. This key component is a configurable digital interface module that is used to connect Rohde & Schwarz test equipment to a RE under test using CPRI data transmission. This application note explains in detail the instrument setup and configuration needed to successfully test your remote radio head.
05-Aug-2013 | AN-No. 1GP78
DVB-T Bursted Noise is a tool for generation of DVB-T compatible noise signals. The IQ data can tranferred to WinIQSIM™ / WinIQSIM2™ for further processing and transmission to an AMU, AFQ, AMIQ, SMU, SMIQ.
08-Jul-2009 | AN-No. 1MA51
This Application Note describes measurements on RFID readers and chipcards according to ISO/IEC 14443 and similar standards, using a signal generator and a spectrum analyzer. Using a modern spectrum analyzer like the R&S®FSL not only increases accuracy and measurement speed, but also simplifies operation. Interoperability tests, in particular, are simplified by generating reader test signals with a signal generator. With software option R&S®SMx/AMU/AFQ-K6 chipcards can be tested without a reader
25-Jan-2010 | AN-No. 1MA113
LTE – the fastest growing mobile radio standard – had its beginnings in 3GPP Release 8. Initial improvements and new features were implemented in Release 9. This Application Note describes the T&M methods for LTE Release 9 features using Rohde & Schwarz instruments.
26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1MA210
During wireless transmission over the air a signal is subject to fading. Since fading can strongly influence the communication, devices such as mobile phones must be tested under real-world conditions to verify their performance. The Rohde & Schwarz vector signal generators R&S®SMW200A, R&S®SMU200A and R&S®AMU200A make it possible to perform such tests. Their integrated real-time fading simulators reproduce well-defined and repeatable real-world test scenarios to bring reality into your laboratory. A multitude of standard-compliant, preconfigured fading scenarios make the configuration as easy as possible.This application note gives a brief introduction to fading and explains how to use the fading simulators in custom applications.
26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1GP99
LTE-Advanced comprises multiple features enhancing the basic LTE technology firstly specified in 3GPP Release 8. LTE including the LTEAdvanced improvements was approved by ITU to comply with IMT-Advanced requirements and thus being a true 4G mobile communication system. The different technology components of LTE-Advanced have different market priorities and require different testing strategies. This application note summarizes the Rohde &Schwarz test solutions for LTE-Advanced (Release 10) using Vector Signal Generators, Signal and Spectrum Analyzers and the Wideband Radio Communication Tester.
03-Sep-2014 | AN-No. 1MA166
Rohde & Schwarz offers a complete test solution for WiMAX applications by combining its Signal Generator R&S SMU200A and Signal Analyzer R&S FSQ plus the appropriate options. This application note provides an overview of the differences between OFDM and OFDMA and demonstrates, how convenient it is to generate and analyze WiMAX OFDMA signals according to standard IEEE 802.16e-2005.
23-May-2007 | AN-No. 1EF58
3GPP TS25.141 defines conformance tests for W-CDMA base stations (including HSPA+ features). This application note describes how all required receiver (Rx) tests (TS25.141 Chapter 7) can be performed easily and quickly by using vector signal generators and CW sources from Rohde & Schwarz. One test additionally requires a spectrum analyzer from Rohde & Schwarz.Example illustrates manual operation. A free software program enables and demonstrates remote operation. The W-CDMA base station transmitter (Tx) tests (TS25.141 Chapter 6) are described in Application Note 1MA67.
21-Oct-2014 | AN-No. 1MA114
Most of the tests specified in the standard TIA-98 that a CDMA2000® mobile station has to fulfill can be performed by the Universal Radio Communication Tester R&S®CMU200 without further assistance. Other tests, however, require additional instruments, for instance for generating interfering signals. Some tests of the standard TIA-98 need features that a tester optimized for production cannot offer, for example high dynamic spectrum analysis up to 12.75 GHz. This Application Note shows how to perform these tests easily with the remote-control software CMUgo, using the R&S®CMU200 in combination with R&S®SMU, R&S®SMJ, R&S®SMIQ, or R&S®SML signal generators, and R&S®FSQ, R&S®FSU, R&S®FSP, or R&S®FSL spectrum analyzers. New test items and sequences will therefore be included in the CMUgo software v1.9.8 to remote-control the R&S®CMU200, as well as the signal generators and spectrum analyzers. They are presented in this Application Note.
05-Jan-2012 | AN-No. 1MA86
High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) optimize UMTS for packet data services in the downlink and uplink, respectively. Together, they are referred to as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA). Within 3GPP Release 7, 8, 9 and 10, further improvements to HSPA have been specified in the context of HSPA+ or HSPA evolution. This Application Note describes how HSPA+ features can be tested using Rohde & Schwarz instruments.
26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1MA121
Modern radio communication systems have to provide higher and higher data rates. As conventional methods like using more bandwidth or higher order modulation types are limited, new methods of using the transmission channel have to be used. Multiple antenna systems (Multiple Input, Multiple Output – MIMO) gives a significant enhancement to data rate and channel capacity. This application note gives an introduction to basic MIMO concepts and terminology and explains how MIMO is implemented in different radio communications standards.
02-Jul-2009 | AN-No. 1MA142
This application note describes how to connect R&S® test and measurement products quickly and seamlessly to AWR® Visual System Simulator™ (VSS) via a GPIB or LAN interface. Using AWR® Connected™ customized for Rohde & Schwarz hardware and R&S® WinIQSIM2™ signal simulation software, the flexibility of digital radio standards is highlighted and its integration into VSS is demonstrated.
20-May-2010 | AN-No. 1MA174
This appication note introduces a program suitable for generating and analyzing WiMAX IEEE 802.16 signals for power amplifier testing. The program allows the user to change the generator settings, to select specific pre-defined test parameters and to analyze the test results. The application note describes the test parameters and the features and capabilities of the program.
03-Aug-2007 | AN-No. RAC-0611-0025
This application note provides a brief introduction into the capabilities of the Rohde & Schwarz Vector Signal Generators (VSG) to create user defined digitally modulated signals called Custom Digital Modulation (CDM). Additionally an in depth description of the functions and the operation of the CDM-Toolbox is provided. The CDM-Toolbox is application software which allows an easy remote configuration of CDM signals on Rohde & Schwarz VSGs but also the creation of data list and control list files which are most useful to further extend the application area of CDM signals.
24-Jul-2017 | AN-No. 1GP96